Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming or dancing can act as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A major analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that physical activity can match, and sometimes exceed, the effects of traditional treatments in mild cases.
Scientists reviewed 63 studies covering nearly 80,000 people. They found the greatest improvements among young adults and new mothers, groups considered especially vulnerable to mental health problems. Aerobic exercise that raises the heart rate delivered the strongest benefits, while resistance training and yoga also helped but to a lesser extent.
Group or supervised activities produced additional gains, suggesting social interaction plays a key role. Neil Munro of James Cook University said movement in any form can reduce symptoms, particularly in mild cases.
Experts urged caution for people with severe depression. Brendon Stubbs of King’s College London said exercise can complement care but should not replace therapy or medication when clinically required. Michael Bloomfield of University College London added that energetic group exercise may be unrealistic for those with more severe symptoms, though it can serve as a valuable addition to treatment.
